When you see fake news, you can’t check it,” Anapuaka says.
“Nobody can force me to get the vaccine,” Jair Bolsonaro said in September.
According to official figures, more than 650 indigenous people living in villages have died due to Covid-19 out of a total population of 517,000.
Joel says that his parents saw videos that included false claims about drugs, about vaccines “distancing” people from God, and those rumours about DNA and genetic codes.
WhatsApp told BBC News Brasil that since it’s encrypted, the company doesn’t have access to the content of the messages.
BBC News Brasil obtained, via Brazil’s Access to Information law, data on the immunisation of indigenous people in Brazil since 2011.
After a decade-long campaign to build trust, take-up of the flu vaccine reached 90% in 2019.